Fluid pressure machine



1386- 1944- .J. J. JARNAKER FLUID PRESSURE MACHINE s Sheets-Shet 1 Filed July 8, 1943 vmnvmsrr \N vaNTofi Q ML Dec. 5, 1944. v J. J. JAR NAKER 5 3 FLUID PRESSURE MACHINE Filed July 8, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 59' /7 -/5 2. WW 1 3/30 mm 7;

'20 /9 ll l 3/ lll ll l I Dec. 5, 1944. J. J. JARNAKER 2,364,368

FLUID PRES SURE MACHINE Filed July 8, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Johan j uh us arnaKev E NTore.

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Dec.'5, 1944. J, A A 2,364,368

FLUID PRESSURE MACHINE Filed July 8, 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 UZhqnTuhbsU zivnak \NVENTQR,

40.4 IRTTIY v 1944- J. J. JARNAKER FLUID PRESSURE MACHINE Filed July 8 1943 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 \N VENTOK.

Patented Dec. 5, 1944 FLUID PRESSURE MACHINE Johan Julius Jarnaker, Hedemora, Sweden Application July 8, 1943, Serial No. 493,803

a In Sweden March 19, 1941 20 Claims.

The present invention relates to compressors, pumps, motors and the like, and particularly to machines of this general class consisting of a rotatable container, which is partly filled with a fluid and of means for obtaining compression or suction through a relative rotation between a central passage and the body of fluid, said body being by the centrifugal force brought to an eccentric position relatively to said passage, blade wheels adapted to rotate around hollow shafts located in said container, said blade wheels being arranged parallel with and eccentrically in relation to the geometric axis of the container, said hollow shaft having inlet and outlet for the medium to be admitted by the body of fluid and communicating with inlets and outlets in the container.

The chief feature of the invention is that the blades of each of the blade wheels define between them cells completely open towards the periphery and the centre and rest tightly against the hollow shaft of the wheel along the entire length of their inner edges. The blades may extend radially or be inclined towards the radius, or they may have a curved or angularly bent shape in relation tothe radius. The cells formed between the blades receive the fluid in which the gas-for example in a compressor or the likeis caught and compressed whereafter said gas is led into the hollow shafts.

A further feature is that the container, for example in the embodiment hereinafter described and relating to a compressor, is divided by means of stationary walls into one or more magazines for compressed gas, and one or more working chambers for the blade wheels. Said walls are provided with inlets for the gas to the magazine or the magazines, and moreover, radially outside said inlets, with peripheral openings for the flow of l quid between thecompression gas magaz ne or magazines, on the one hand, and the working chambers for the wheels, on the other hand. By this device the fluid can be caused to oscillate between the chambers separated through the wall in accordance with the quantity of gas or the like in the magazine. Preferably, the axial length of the magazine should substantially be the same as that ofthe blade wheels in order to avoid great variations in the gas pressure.

According to further embodiments of the invention cooling means are provided within the container and possibly also on its outside. Said cooling means may consist of plates or flanges which may be arranged annularly on the inside and also on the outside of the casing of the container. They may also be arranged radially or in some other way. In addition to the gas and the compression fluid being-cooled by heat being led off through said flanges, also a reinforcement of the wall of the casing is obtained.

Still other features and advantages of the invention more or less dependent upon the previously mentioned features and upon the way in which the various objects are realized will be clear fro the following specification which discloses preferred embodiments of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

Figs. 1 and 2 show an embodiment of a gas compressor or the like, Fig. 1 being a section perpendicularlyv to the compressor shaft on the line II of Fig. 2, and Fig. 2. a section on the line II-II of Fig. 1.

Figs. 3 and 4 show, a different embodiment, Fig. 3 being a section corresponding to Fig. 1 on the line IIIIII of Fig. 4, and Fig. 4 a section on the line IVIV of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is another embodiment of the compressor in axial section.

Fig. 6 is a further embodiment viewed in cross section at, right angles to the shaft.

Figs. 7, 8, 9, and 10 show two different embodiments of the compressor with cooling flanges, Fig. '7 being a section perpendicular to the compressor shaft on the line VII-VII of Fig. 8, Fig. 8 a section on the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7, Fig. 9 a similar section as Fig. 7 on the line IX-IX of Fig. 10, and Fig. 10 a section on the line XX of Fig. 9. a

The same reference numerals are used throughout the specification for corresponding elements in the various figures.

Having reference to the drawings, i represents a frame in which a fluid container 2 is rotatably journalled on a stationary axle 3 projecting from the frame and in a bearing member 4 opposite saidaxle 'by means of a shaft end 5 provided with a channel 6. The axle 3 may also be rotata'bly mounted, as shown in Fig. 5, and provided with a belt pulley 64. The container 2 is then rotatably mounted on said axle 3. The axle 3 has a bore 1 serving as gas inlet and lateral openings 8 for gas. The bearing member 4 is provided with an outlet opening 9 which is tightened to the channel 8 by a. packing Hi. In Fig. 5 the lateral openings are omitted, and the inlet 7 is connected with a channel H in the below mentioned pinion 24. The container 2 contains oil or some other fluid l2. In a working chamher l3 of the container blade wheels [5 are mounted on two hollow shafts H. The blade Wheels are provided with blades 16 between two side walls ll, said blades being bent forward in the direction of rotation. Between adjacent blades Hi there are formed.cells [8 which are completely open towards the periphery and centre and serve as compression chambers for the gas and the centrifuged fiud. The blades rest with their inner edges along their whole length tightly against the shaft M. Each shaft M has an inlet 19 for compressed gas, and an outlet 20 by which the shaft communicates with a magazine or chamber 22 for compressed gas and thus with the outlet 6, 9, said magazine being separated from the chamber l3 by means of a wall'2l. The blade wheels I5 are provided with toothed rims 23 engaging the stationary pinion 24 on the axle 3 of the frame I. Consequently, at the revolution of the container 2 through the intermediary 7 of a belt pulley 25 or other suitable device the blade wheels l5 obtain a slower rotatory motion than the container 2. Peripheral apertures 26 allow liquid to flow to the chamber l3 when the-gas pressure in the magazinel'l rises so that the diameter-of the central gas space 21 decreases, and thus also the gas quantity caught by the blade wheels I5.

The blades [6 may be shaped in any other way than the one shown. For example they may extend radially or be inclined towards the radius, or they may have a curved or angularly bent shape in relation to the radius. However, itis necessary that their inner edges rest tightly against the bladewheel shaft and that they leave afree passage between periphery'and centre along their whole axial length.

When the container! is setin rotation viathe belt pulley 25, the compression liquid I2 isflung towards the periphery so that a. central hollow space 21 is formed. Said space sucks in gas through the intake channel 1 of the shaft 3 and the openingsB, Figs. '2, 4, 8, 10, or the channel ll, Fig. 5. The gas is caught in the cells I 8 between the blades l4 and is admitted into the liquid and compressed, whereafter via the openings IS the gas is delivered to the shafts. It without loss-of pressure at the delivery. The compressed gas goes via the opening 20 from each shaft M to the magazine 22, and further through the bore Bin the shaft end 5 and the opening 9 to a consumption or collecting place. During the continued rotatory motion of the blade wheels IS the liquid I2 is forced to leave the cells l8 at the centre of the container 2, whereafter gas is caught again and the process is repeated.

According as the cells of the blade wheels l5 compress new gas and accord ng as less gas is taken out through the outlets 6, 9 than what is supplied through the openings 20 the pressure in the magazine 22 rises. Thus, liquid is pressed through the openings 26 whereby the volume of the central space 21' is reduced. Inthi's way the cells N3 of the blade wheels, after the compression has continued to a certain limit, will take up less gas. Due to the fact that the space 21 is reduced, the pressure of the compressed gas is increased because the compressing liquid ring obtains larger radial width. If not too great variations of the gas pressure are desired, the magazine 22 should be made rather largefor example with an axial length about equal to that of the blade wheels [5, compare Fig. 5, a small increase of the diameter of the chamber 22 corresponding to a large decrease of the diameter of the space 21.

In order that the passage between the blades I6 shall be still more facilitated, the shaft M of each blade wheel l5 can be provided with a separating wall 28 and a recess or incision 29 preferably shaped like a segment or a sector of a circle, see Figs. 3 and 4, on that side of the separating wall which is located opposite the compression side of the blade wheel I5. It is to be observed thatseveral such incisions 29 may be made in each shaft. When the cells l3 of the blade Wheels i5 during the rotation of said wheels and of the container 2 have left the compression side and enter the gas filled central space 21, the compression liquid in the cells is forced by the arising pressure difference to flow through the central openings of the cells out into the incisions 28 and thence into the container 2 through cells situated more peripherically.

Through the above mentioned arrangement the compression liquiddclivered from the cells Hi can be mixed with and cooled by the remaining liquid in the container, and it may be further cooled by separate devices for example those mentioned below before entering the blades again.

According to Figs. 3 and 4 the centrifugal forces of the blade wheels [5 can be taken up by two slide rings concentric with the geometric axis of the container, said rings being freely movable in the tangential direction and mounted around axial elongations 3| of the hubs of the blade wheels 15.

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment somewhat differing from that according to Figs. 1 and 3. In this figure, only the upper blade wheel 15 is shown insection. The other wheel is seen from one end. There are two magazines 35 for compressed gas, said magazines being separated from the working chamber [3 by Walls 36 parallel with the shaft of the container 2. The magazines 35 communi- Cate with 'portions of the hollow shafts I 4 which project axially from the blade wheels l5 through channels so that compressed gas can be led to said magazines from said shafts. The gas outlets of the magazines are not disclosed here. Through the peripheral openings 38 the magazines 35 communicate with the working chamber i3 via the compression liquid. The mode of operation of the device corresponds to the one described above.

Figs. 5 and '7 to 10 illustrate cooling'and other devicesin connection with the earlier described compressor for cooling the gas and the compression fluid.

According to Figs. '7 and 8 the inside of the container 2, which is substantially elliptic in cross section, is provided with cooling flanges 4| projecting perpendicularly from the wall of the container, and in the chamber [3 preferably following the contour of the blade wheels [5, so that spaces intended for said wheels are formed. It is to be observed that the container also may be shaped like an 8, iollowing the construction of the blade wheel. On the outside the container 2 is provided with cooling flanges 42 extending from thewall of the container, said-flanges being parallel with the container shaft and surrrounded by a cylindri'c casing 43 with which the flanges '42 are connected. The flanges-42 form together with the outer wall of the container 2 and the casing 48 channels 44 which in. the example are provided with openings 45 at the ends of the container, and with openings 46 at the middle portion of the casing 43. In other respects the device according to said figures substantially corresponds to those earlier described. "However, a bridge 41 is provided between the blade wheels in the chamber 27, which bridge together with the flanges 4| reinforces the walls of the-container 2 or (and) reduces the central space 21 in order to increase the capacity controlling power of the magazine 22.

At the rotation of the container 2 the compression liquid gives off heat to the flanges 4! which lead the heat via the wall of the casing to the flanges 42. Said flanges are cooled by the air sucked through the openings 45 and blown through the openings 46 in the wall of the casing 43.

The wall of the container 2 may also in a way known per se be provided with annular flanges parallel with the cross section of the container for leading off the heat from the inner flanges 41. Said inner and outer flanges are preferably provided in the same plane. a

In the magazine 22 for compressed gas the flanges 4|, which are parallel with the cross section of the container, may be made as whole plates 6 I, see Fig. 5, without other openings than ,the aforementioned peripheric apertures 25 for communication of liquid between the different chambers of the container and the openings 62, 63 for the passage of the compressed gas from the blade wheel sha fts M to the outlet 6, 9, as shown by the arrows. The apertures 63 for the passage of the gas are preferably provided in every second flange plate more peripherically and in every'second plate as central apertures G2 to cause the gas to go a longer way to the outlet, and thus to pass larger cooling surfaces.

In the embodiment according to Figs. 9 and 10 the parallel cooling flanges 41 in the magazine 22, which is divided into four chambers through separating walls 52, have been replaced by radial cooling flanges 48 and 49 which preferably are alternately arranged in such a way that the flanges 48 are connected with the container or magazine walls but leave a free passage at the centre around a shaft 50, while the flanges 49 located between the flanges 4B are mutually con nected with one another through theshaft b and extend towards the periphery but end some distance from the container wall. By this arrangement the compressed gas, in order to obtain a good cooling, is forced to pass a labyrinth device formed of the flanges 43, 49 from the gas outlet 2b of the blade Wheels via openings 5! in the shaft 50 to the gas outlets 6, 9 of the magazines.

The abovementioned parallel cooling flanges 4| and radial flanges 48 arid 49 may also be combined so that between each pair of flange plates 4! there are provided radial flanges 48 and 49 in order to further enlarge the cooling surfaces.

Although the invention is shown in the most advantageous forms, it is evident that various modifications may be made without going beyond the scope of the invention, and therefore, I intend to be limited only as far as necessary in view of the prior art. By the expression compressor any machine working in the manner of a compressor is understood, including pumps and gas motors.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patcut is:

1. In a compressor, the combination of a hollow container containing a body of liquid, means to maintain said body of liquid in position by centrifugal force, hollow shaft in said container disposed parallel with and excentrically relatively thegeometric axis of the container, blade wheels mounted on each of said hollow shafts, said blade wheels having spaced blades partially submerging in said body of liquid, the whole central edges of said blades resting tightly against said hollow shafts, cells being formed between said blades receiving fluid and open towards periphery and centre, inlets in said hollow shafts, outlets from said hollow shafts, an inlet passage in the container for a medium to be admitted into said body of liquid communicating with said blade wheels, an outlet passage for said medium communicating with said blade wheels, and means to effect a relative movement between said blade wheels and the body of liquid.

2. A combination as claimed in claim 1, in which said blades extend radially.

3. A combination as claimed in claim 1, in which said blades are inclined relatively to the radial plane.

4. A combination as claimed in claim 1, in which said blades are bent substantially angularly relatively to the radial plane.

5. A combination as claimed in claim 1, in which the rotating shaft of said container is located outside said blade wheels.

6. A combination as claimed in claim 1, in which on the side opposite the. inlet side of the blade wheel said hollow shaft has incisions extending towards the hollow of the shaft. and formed in such a way that, after said cells have passed the inlet side said fluid, due to the arising pressure difference, flows through the central openings of the cells into the said incisions and from there through more peripheral cells into the container.

7. A combination as claimed in claim 1, in which the blade wheels have hub elongations sur rounding said hollow shafts and carrying in two slide rings concentric with the geometric axis of .the container, said slide rings taking up those forces of the blade wheels which are directed towards the periphery.

8. In a compressor, the combination of a hollow container containing a body of liquid, means to maintain said body of liquid in position by centrifugal force, hollow shafts in said container disposed parallel with and eccentrically relatively the eometric axis of the container, blade wheels mounted on each of said hollow shafts, said blade wheels having spaced blades partially submerging in said body of liquid, the whole central edges of said blades resting tightly against said hollow shafts, cells being formed between said blades receiving fluid and open towards periphery and centre, inlets in said hollow shafts, out lets from said hollow shafts, an inlet passage in the container for a medium to be admitted into said body of liquid, communicating with said blade wheels, an outlet passage for said medium communicating with said blade wheels, means to effect a relative movement between said blade wheels and the body of liquid, a wall in said container separating said container into a chamber for the blade wheels and a magazine for said medium, said magazine communicating with said hollow wheel shafts, peripheral openings in said wall for liquid communication between said magazine and the chamber for said blade wheels, and discharge ducts in said container communicating with said magazine.

9. A combination as claimed in claim 8, in which said separating wall is disposed perpendicularly to the rotation shaft of the container.

:10. Aicombination :as.:c1aimed in cclaimiti, :in which said separating wall is disposedssubstantiallmparallel with atherrotationzsha ft roi 5 the (conitainer.

fli1.. A :combination :as :claimed .in iclaim .:in which :said separating xwall is located 2in :such *a way that 'jhe axial ;length of zsaid :magazine :is

, wheels ihaving spaced .blades partially submerging in said body of. liquid, :thewhole centralsedges f said :hlades resting tightly against-{said :hollow .shafts,ncells=being formedxbetween said :blades receiving fluid andcopen itowards ;periphery .-=and centre, ainlets:in1 -said hollow shafts, outlets from ssaid ihollow shafts, an ;inlet passage lin ith convtainerifor ;a medium to be :admitted ainto said abody -.of diquid :communicating with said blade wheels, ..-an 'out-let' passage afOI' said'mediumcomnnunicating -:-with said blade wheels, means to :ef-

ifect a :relative -.movement between :said iblade 'iWh-EBIS :andtthe body of liquid, and spaced-cool- -.in g flanges proj acting. from. the wall vofisaid- .con-

tainer, said flanges forming reinforcementsior ithe containerwalls.

.113. .1A combination :as claimed in ,claim :12, in iwhichcoolingifianges proj ectifrom the inner wall -.of.-.saidcontainer and cooling flangesmrojectirom the a outer wall; said sinner cooling flanges follow- .ing the contour: of asaid :blade wheels so that: re-

cesses for said wheels are formed.

'14. A combination as --cl-aimed'in-.c1aim 12, in which :cooling flanges projecting from the ,inner wall sof .the container are annular and-.disposed perpendicularly "to the container-shaft.

l5.,,-A combination :as claimediinclaim v1-2, :in which plate-shaped cooling means ware provided \Viithin :the :container, :said cooling ;plates being .providedwith flow-tthrou-gh apertures.

i16.-.A combination iasaclaimeduin claim 12, in which-annular cooling flangesprojecting; from the .innenwall of the-containertfollow-the contour of said blade wheels so that recesses for 1 said wheels are formed, andra bridge is provided cenitrally between the blade :wheelsxsaid bridge coninecting the flanges and separating the recesses for said blade wheels, said recesses being substantially circular.

17. A combination as ,claimeddn claim -12,.in which said container .is elliptical; incross-section,

enemas .andatzthemiddle portion of 'said casing, so that .air currents arising in said channelsatthe rota- 'tion of the containertocarryaway heatled ofl -by-said internal flanges.

18. In a compressor, the combination of a hol- \low:containencontaining a body of iiquid,,means i-to maintain said body of liquid in position by centrifugal force, hollow shafts in said container disposed: parallel with. and excentrically relative- :ly =the geometric axis of the container, blade -10 wheels mounted on:each of said hollow shafts,

said blade .wheels having spaced blades :partially submerging in said body of liquid, the whole cent-ral 1 edges :of said blades resting tightly: against said hollowshaftscellsbeing formed between said asblades receiving fluid and opentowards periphery and centre, inlets in said hollow shafts, outlets from said 3 hollow-shafts, an inlet passage in the containerfor a medium tobe admitted into said body of liquid, communicating vwith :said blade wheels, an outlet passage for sai'dmedium communicating with said bladewheels; means to effect =arelative movement between said blade wheels andthe body of liquid, a wall perpen'dicularto 1 the shaft of rotation in. said-containerseparating the chamberfonthe blade wheels'and a magazine tor said medium, said magazine communicating with said hollow wheel shafts, spaced cooling flanges projecting from the inner wall of said container into the chamber for said blade wheels some distance from the centre, said flanges being perpendicular to thecontainer shaft and cooling -means projecting: into saidmagazine.

19. A combination as claimedin claim 18,'in which said cooling means projecting into :said magazine consist of spaced plates, arranged'perpendicularly to the container shaft and. provided "with flow-through'apertureswhich are centrally located in-each second plate and more peripherally located the other plates.

'20. A combination as'claimed in claim l8,-in which said cooling means-consist or flanges projecting radially from the inner wall into said -magazinepa hollow central axial member being arranged in said'magazine, said member having openings communicating with said magazine, and

flanges fixed to said central member and projecting ra'dially'and ending some distance "from the periphery, said last mentioned flanges being'provided between'adjacent ones -of said first mentio'ned flanges'projecting from the inner wall 'oi the magazine. n :JOHAN JULIUS J'ARNAKER. 

